| Prince George's County, Maryland | ||
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Location in the state of Maryland |
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Maryland's location in the U.S. |
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| Founded | 1696 | |
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| Seat | Upper Marlboro | |
| Area - Total - Land - Water |
498.45 sq mi (1,291 km²) 485.43 sq mi (1,257 km²) 13.01 sq mi (34 km²), 2.61% |
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| Population - (2010) - Density |
863,420 1,779/sq mi (686.8/km²) |
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| Website | www.princegeorgescountymd.gov/ | |
Prince George's County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland, immediately north, east, and south of Washington, DC. As of 2010, it has a population of 863,420 and is the wealthiest African-American majority county in the nation.[1][2]
The county was named for Prince George of Denmark (1653–1708), husband of Queen Anne of Great Britain and brother of King Christian V of Denmark and Norway. It is frequently referred to as 'P.G.' or 'P.G. County,' an abbreviation which is viewed as pejorative by some residents.[3]
The county is a part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. Its county seat is Upper Marlboro.
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The Cretaceous Era brought dinosaurs to the area which left a number of fossils, now preserved in a 7.5-acre (3.0 ha) park in Laurel.[4] The site, which among other finds has yielded fossilized teeth from Astrodon and Priconodon species, has been called the most prolific in the eastern United States.[5]
Prince George's County was created by the Council of Maryland in the Province of Maryland in 1696[6] from portions of Charles, and Calvert Counties, and a portion was detached in 1748 to form Frederick County. Because Frederick County was subsequently divided to form the present Allegany, Garrett, Montgomery, and Washington counties, all of these counties in addition were derived from what had up to 1748 been Prince George's County.
In 1791, portions of Prince George's County were ceded to form the new District of Columbia, along with portions of Montgomery County, Maryland, as well as the parts of Northern Virginia – that were later returned to Virginia.
During the War of 1812, the British marched through the county by way of Bladensburg to burn the White House. On their return, they kidnapped a prominent doctor, William Beanes. Lawyer, Francis Scott Key was asked to negotiate for his release, which resulted in his writing the Star Spangled Banner.
In April 1865, John Wilkes Booth made his escape through Prince George's County after shooting President Abraham Lincoln. He was on his way to Virginia.
Since much of the southern part of the county was tobacco farms that were worked by slaves,[7] there was a high population of African Americans who unsuccessfully attempted to become part of Maryland politics in the late 19th century.[8] The population of African Americans declined during the first half of the 20th century, but was renewed to over 50% in the early 1990's when the county again became majority African American.[9] The first African American County Executive was Wayne K. Curry, elected in 1994.
On July 1, 1997, the Prince George's County section of the city of Takoma Park, Maryland, which straddled the boundary between Prince George's and Montgomery counties, was transferred to Montgomery County.[10] This was done after city residents voted to be under the sole jurisdiction of Montgomery County, and subsequent approval by both counties and the Maryland General Assembly. This was the first change in Prince George's County's boundaries since 1791, and the first alteration of the boundaries of any county in Maryland since the early 1900s.
The county has a number of properties on the National Register of Historic Places.[11]
Prince George's County lies in the Atlantic coastal plain, and its landscape is characterized by gently rolling hills and valleys. Along its western border with Montgomery County, Adelphi, Calverton and West Laurel rise into the piedmont, approaching and exceeding 300 feet (91 m) in elevation. According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of 498.45 square miles (1,291.0 km2), of which 485.43 square miles (1,257.3 km2) (or 97.39%) is land and 13.01 square miles (33.7 km2) (or 2.61%) is water.[12]
The Patuxent River forms the county's eastern border with Howard, Anne Arundel, and Calvert Counties.
County terrain, culture and demographics differ significantly by location within the county. There are five key regions to Prince George's County, each very different: North County, Central County, the Rural Tier, the Inner Beltway, and South County.
Northern Prince George's County includes Laurel, Beltsville, Adelphi, College Park and Greenbelt. This area of the county is anchored by the Capital Beltway and the Baltimore-Washington Parkway. The key employers are the University of Maryland, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center and NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center. Areas of geographic distinction include Greenbelt Park, a wooded reserve adjacent to the planned environmental community of Greenbelt, and University Park, a collection of historic homes adjacent to the University of Maryland. Riversdale Mansion, along with the historic homes of Berwyn Heights, Mt. Rainier and Hyattsville are also located in this area. The hidden Lake Artemesia, a park constructed during the completion of the Washington Metro Green Line, incorporates a stocked fishing lake and serves as the trail-head for an extensive Anacostia Tributary Trails system that runs along the Anacostia River and its tributaries. The south and central tracts of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center also lie in this part of the county; the north tract lies north of the Patuxent River in Anne Arundel County.
Central County, located on the eastern outskirts of the Capital Beltway, consists of Mitchellville, Woodmore, Greater Upper Marlboro, Springdale, and Bowie. According to the 2010 census, it has generally been the fastest growing region of the county.[13] Mitchellville is named for a wealthy African American family, the Mitchells, who owned a large portion of land in this area of the county.[14] Central Avenue, a major exit off the I-95 beltway, running east to west, is one of two main roads in this portion of the county. The other major roadway is Old Crain Highway, which runs north to south along the eastern portion of the county. The Newton White Mansion on the grounds is a popular site for weddings and political events.
Bowie is best known as a planned Levittown.[15] William Levitt built traditional homes, as well as California contemporaries along U.S. Route 50, the key highway to the eastern shore and the state capitol of Annapolis. Bowie has currently grown to be the largest city in Prince George's County, with more than 50,000 people. It also has a large Caucasian population, compared to much of the county (48% of the population).[16] Housing styles vary from the most contemporary to century old homes in Bowie's antique district (formerly known as Huntingtown), where the town of Bowie began as a haven for thoroughbred horse racing. Areas of geographic distinction include the Ogden Bowie Mansion, Allen Pond, key segments of the Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Trail, as well as planned parks, lakes and walking trails.
Prince George's rural tier may be found in the area well beyond the Beltway to the east and south of central county, bounded on the north by U.S. Route 50, the west by the communities Accokeek and Fort Washington, and the east by the Patuxent River. Prince George's origins are in this part of the county. Most of this area contains the unincorporated parishes, villages and lost towns of Prince George's County. Largely under postal designations of "Upper Marlboro" or "Brandywine", in truth the town of Upper Marlboro is more central county in character, though it is the post office location for various rural settlements. (The names of these unincorporated areas are listed below in the towns section of this article). Since 1721 Upper Marlboro has been the county seat of government, with families that trace their lineage back to Prince George's initial land grants and earliest governing officials. Names like Clagett, Sasscer, King James and Queen Anne pepper the streets.
The rural tier has been the focus of orchestrated efforts by residents and county government to preserve the rural character and environmental integrity of the rural tier.[17] Under the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC), Patuxent River Park is the largest natural preserve and provides public access for birdwatching and viewing the rural tier's natural waterfront vistas. In season, the park's Jug Bay Natural Area and the Patuxent Riverkeeper in Queen Anne both offer canoeing and kayaking rentals on the Patuxent. The county's largest collection of tobacco planter mansions and preserved homes are in the rural tier, some managed by the M-NCPPC. Many rural tier roads have scenic highway preservation status; a fall drive yields exceptional beauty along the Patuxent valley's Leeland Road, Croom Road, Clagett's Landing Rd., Mill Branch Rd., Queen Anne Rd., and Brandywine Rd. Walking access along roads in this area is very limited, because most property along the roads remains in private ownership. However, walking is much more accessible in the widespread M-NCPPC lands and trails and state holdings in the Patuxent valley, such as Merkle Wildlife Sanctuary and Rosaryville State Park, both popular among hikers and mountain bikers.
The inner beltway communities of Capitol Heights, District Heights, Forestville, Suitland and Seat Pleasant border the neighboring District of Columbia's northeastern and southeastern quadrants. This region is the most densely populated area of the county, although many communities here saw a decrease in population from 2000 to 2010. A high percentage of its residents are African American.[18]
South county is a blend of the greenery of the rural tier and the new development of central county. The communities of Clinton, Oxon Hill, Temple Hills and Fort Washington are the largest areas of south county. It is the only portion of Prince George's County to enjoy Potomac River waterfront, and that geographic distinction has yielded the rise of the National Harbor project: a town center and riverside shopping and living development on the Potomac. The National Harbor has become a major tourist and convention attraction, with significant hotel accommodations, eateries and shopping. Ferry rides allow trips across the Potomac into Alexandria.[19] Several historic sites, including Mt. Vernon, can be viewed from the harbor front. River Road in Fort Washington also yields great views of the Potomac. Fort Washington Park was a major battery and gives access to the public for tours of the fort, scenic access to the river and other picnic grounds. Oxon Hill Manor offers a working farm and plantation mansion for touring; His Lordship's Kindness is another major historic home.
| Year | Republican | Democratic |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 10.3% 34,246 | 89.1% 297,654 |
| 2004 | 17.4% 55,532 | 81.8% 260,532 |
| 2000 | 18.4% 49,987 | 79.5% 216,119 |
| 1996 | 21.9% 52,697 | 73.5% 176,612 |
| 1992 | 24.5% 62,955 | 65.7% 168,691 |
| 1988 | 38.8% 86,545 | 60.0% 133,816 |
| 1984 | 41.0% 95,121 | 58.6% 136,063 |
| 1980 | 40.7% 78,977 | 50.9% 98,757 |
| 1976 | 42.0% 81,027 | 58.0% 111,743 |
| 1972 | 40.3% 116,166 | 58.5% 79,914 |
| 1968 | 40.3% 73,269 | 41.2% 71,524 |
| 1964 | 36.2% 46,413 | 63.8% 81,806 |
| 1960 | 42.0% 44,817 | 58.0% 62,013 |
Since 1792, the county seat has been Upper Marlboro. Prior to 1792, the county seat was located at Mount Calvert, a 76 acre (308,000 m²) estate along the Patuxent River on the edge of what is now in the unincorporated community of Croom.
Prince George's County was granted a charter form of government in 1970 with the county executive elected as the head of the executive branch and the county council members as the leadership of the legislative branch. Prince George's County is part of the Seventh Judicial Circuit of the state of Maryland and holds 23 of the 32 total circuit court judges in the circuit (which includes Calvert, Charles, Prince George's, and St. Mary's counties).[20]
The government of Prince George's is known for its notorious corruption.[21] In 2011, former County Executive Jack B. Johnson was sentenced to seven years in prison for taking up to US$1 million in bribes.[22]
| Name | Party | Term |
|---|---|---|
| William W. Gullett | Republican | 1970–1974 |
| Win Kelly | Democrat | 1974–1978 |
| Lawrence Hogan | Republican | 1978–1982 |
| Parris N. Glendening | Democrat | 1982–1994 |
| Wayne K. Curry | Democrat | 1994–2002 |
| Jack B. Johnson | Democrat | 2002–2010 |
| Rushern Baker | Democrat | 2010– |
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1790 | 21,344 |
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| 1800 | 21,175 | −0.8% | |
| 1810 | 20,589 | −2.8% | |
| 1820 | 20,216 | −1.8% | |
| 1830 | 20,474 | 1.3% | |
| 1840 | 19,539 | −4.6% | |
| 1850 | 21,549 | 10.3% | |
| 1860 | 23,327 | 8.3% | |
| 1870 | 21,138 | −9.4% | |
| 1880 | 26,451 | 25.1% | |
| 1890 | 26,080 | −1.4% | |
| 1900 | 29,898 | 14.6% | |
| 1910 | 36,147 | 20.9% | |
| 1920 | 43,347 | 19.9% | |
| 1930 | 60,095 | 38.6% | |
| 1940 | 89,490 | 48.9% | |
| 1950 | 194,182 | 117.0% | |
| 1960 | 357,395 | 84.1% | |
| 1970 | 660,567 | 84.8% | |
| 1980 | 665,071 | 0.7% | |
| 1990 | 729,268 | 9.7% | |
| 2000 | 801,515 | 9.9% | |
| 2010 | 863,420 | 7.7% | |
As of the estimated American Community Survey Census of 2008, there were 825,924 people, 298,439 households, and 198,047 families residing in the county.[23] The population density was 1,651/sq mi (638/km²). There were 308,929 housing units at an average density of 623/sq mi (241/km²).
Whereas according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:
The racial makeup of the county was as of 2000:
By the 2008 estimates there were 298,439 households out of which 65.1% are family households and 34.9% were non-family households.[24] 36.4% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.00% were married couples living together, 19.60% had a female householder with no husband present. 24.10% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 persons and the average family size was 3.25 persons.
In the county the population was spread out with 26.80% under the age of 18, 10.40% from 18 to 24, 33.00% from 25 to 44, 22.10% from 45 to 64, and 7.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 91.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.20 males.
The median income for a household in the county in 2008 was $71,696,[25] and the median income for a family was $81,908. The 2008 mean income for a family in the county was $94,360. As of 2000, males had a median income of $38,904 versus $35,718 for females. The 2008 per capita income for the county was $23,360. About 4.70% of families and 7.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over. Prince George's County is the 70th most affluent county in the United States by median income for families and the most affluent county in the United States with an African-American majority. Almost 38.8% of all households in Prince Georges County, earned over $100,000 in 2008.[26]
As of the 2010 census the reported racial and ethnic composition of the county was 14.92% Non-Hispanic whites, 63.52% Non-Hispanic blacks, 0.49% Native Americans, 4.07% Asians, 0.06% Pacific Islanders, 0.25% Non-Hispanics reporting some other race, 2.05% Non-Hispanics reporting more than one race and 14.94% Hispanic.[27]
30.1% of all residents over the age of 25 had graduated from college and obtained a bachelors degree (17.8%) or professional degree (12.2%).[24] 86.2% of all residents over the age of 25 were high school graduates or higher.
According to the County's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[28] the top private sector employers in the county are:
| # | Employer | # of Employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | United Parcel Service | 4,220 |
| 2 | Giant | 3,609 |
| 3 | Verizon | 2,738 |
| 4 | Dimensions Healthcare System | 2,500 |
| 5 | Safeway | 2,400 |
| 6 | Shoppers Food & Pharmacy | 1,975 |
| 7 | Capital One | 1,456 |
| 8 | Target | 1,400 |
| 9 | Southern Maryland Hospital Center | 1,300 |
| 10 | Computer Sciences Corporation | 1,150 |
The top public sector employers in the county are:
| # | Employer | # of Employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | University System of Maryland | 15,768 |
| 2 | Andrews Air Force Base | 15,000 |
| 3 | Prince George's County | 6,889 |
| 4 | Internal Revenue Service | 5,539 |
| 5 | United States Census Bureau | 4,158 |
| 6 | Goddard Space Flight Center | 3,083 |
| 7 | Prince George's Community College | 1,700 |
| 8 | Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center | 1,700 |
| 9 | Adelphi Laboratory Center | 911 |
| 10 | National Archives and Records Administration | 779 |
Prince George’s County accounted for 20% of murders in the state of Maryland from 1985 to 2006.[29] A twenty-year crime index trends study, performed by Prince George's County Police Department Information Resource Management, showed the county had a 23.1% increase in total crime for the years of 2000 to 2004. Between the years of 1984 to 2004, Prince George’s had a 62.8% increase in total crime.[30]
However, as of 2009, crime had generally declined in the county[31] and the number of homicides declined from 151 in 2005 to 99 in 2009.[32][33]
Although crime had been declining, residents became alarmed when there were thirteen homicides during the first twelve days of 2011. This put added pressure on the police department to come up with a way to stop the violence.[34] By the end of January, the county experienced 16 homicides.
The county is home to more than 800 churches, as well as a number of mosques, synagogues, and Hindu temples. Property belonging to religious entities makes up 3,450 acres (14.0 km2) of land in the county.[35]
Prince George's County is serviced by multiple law enforcement agencies. The Prince George's County Police Department is the primary police service for county residents residing in unincorporated areas of the county. In addition, the Prince George's County Sheriff's Office acts as the enforcement arm of the county court, and also shares some patrol responsibility with the county police. County parks are serviced by the Prince George's County Division of the Maryland-National Capital Park Police. Besides the county-level services, all but one of the 27 local municipalities maintain police departments that share jurisdiction with the county police services. Furthermore, the Maryland State Police enforces the law on state highways which pass through the county and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources Police patrol the state parks and navigable waterways located within the county.
Along with the state and local law enforcement agencies, the federal government also maintains several departments that service citizens of the county such as the US Park Police, US Postal Police, Andrews Air Force Base Security Police, and other federal police located on various federal property located within the county.
In addition, nearly all of the incorporated cities and towns in the county have their own municipal police force. Notable exceptions include the city of College Park.
As of 2006, the county reportedly contains the highest crime rate for the Washington Metro area, comparable to Baltimore.[36][37]
Prince George's County hospitals include Bowie Health Center, Doctors Community Hospital in Lanham, Gladys Spellman Specialty Hospital & Nursing Center in Cheverly, Hospice of the Chesapeake in Landover, Laurel Regional Hospital in Laurel, Prince George's Hospital Medical Center in Cheverly, and Southern Maryland Hospital Center in Clinton.[38] Fort Washington Medical Center also provides a small medical facility for its community.[39]
The Prince George's County Volunteer Firemen's Association was formed in 1922 with several of the first companies organized in the county. The first members of the association were Hyattsville, Cottage City, Mount Rainier, and Brentwood.
In March 1966, the Prince George's County Government employed the firefighters who had been hired by individual volunteer stations and an organized career department was begun. The career firefighters and paramedics are represented by IAFF 1619.
Prince George's County became the first jurisdiction in Maryland to implement the 9-1-1 Emergency Reporting System in 1973. Advanced life support services began for citizens of the county in 1977. Firefighters were certified as Cardiac Rescue Technicians and deployed in what was called at the time Mobile Intensive Care Units to fire stations in Brentwood, Silver Hill, and Laurel.
As of 2007, the Prince George's County Fire/EMS Department operates a combination system staffed by over 800 career firefighters and paramedics, and nearly 1,100 active volunteers.
The county's schools are managed by the Prince George's County Public Schools system.
The County contains a large portion of the Capital Beltway. After a decades-long debate, construction began in late 2007 on an east-west toll freeway, the Intercounty Connector ("ICC"), which will essentially extend Interstate 370 in Montgomery County in order to connect I-270 with Interstate 95 and U.S. 1 in Laurel. The ICC is expected to be complete in 2012.
The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority operates Metrobus fixed-route bus service and Metrorail heavy-rail passenger service in and out of the County as well as the regional MetroAccess paratransit system for the handicapped. The Prince George's County Department of Public Works and Transportation also operates TheBus, a County-wide fixed-route bus system, and the Call-A-Bus service for passengers who do not have access to or have difficulty using fixed-route bus service. Call-A-Bus is a demand-response service which generally requires 14-days advance reservations. The County also offers a subsidized taxicab service for elderly and disabled residents called Call-A-Cab in which eligible customers who sign up for the service purchase coupons giving them a 50% discount with participating taxicab companies in Prince George's and Montgomery Counties.
Fifteen stations of the Washington Metro subway system are located in Prince George's County, with four of them as terminus stations: Greenbelt, New Carrollton, Largo, and Branch Avenue. There has been much debate on the construction of the Purple Line, which would link highly-developed areas of both Montgomery and Prince George's Counties. Also worth noting is the potential expansion of the Green Line northward to Laurel and beyond.
The MARC Train (Maryland Area Rail Commuter) train service has two lines that traverse Prince George's County. The Camden Line runs between Baltimore Camden Station and Washington Union Station and has six stops in the county in Riverdale Park, College Park, Greenbelt, Muirkirk, Laurel and Laurel Racetrack. The Penn Line runs on the AMTRAK route between Baltimore Penn Station and Washington Union Station. It has three stops in the county: Bowie State, Seabrook, and New Carrollton.
The College Park Airport (est. 1909) is the world's oldest continuously operated airport, and has adjacent historical museum and an early aviation-themed restaurant.
Residents may use Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport in Arlington County, Virginia, Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport near Baltimore, and Dulles International Airport in Dulles, Virginia.
Prince George's County is home to the United States Department of Agriculture's Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, the United States Census Bureau, Andrews Air Force Base, the National Archives and Records Administration's College Park facility, the University of Maryland's flagship College Park campus, Six Flags America and Six Flags Hurricane Harbor, FedEx Field (home of the Washington Redskins), and the National Harbor, which its developers, Peterson Companies and Gaylord Entertainment Company, bill as the largest single mixed-use project and combined convention center–hotel complex on the East Coast.
Although Prince George's County is not often credited for the Washington Redskins, the Redskins stadium is in Landover. No other major-league professional sports teams are in the county, though Bowie hosts the Bowie Baysox, a minor league baseball team. The county is known for its very successful youth in basketball ESPN published an article declaring Prince Georges County the new "Hoops Hot Bed" and ranked it as the number one basketball talent pool in the country.[41] A number of basketball prospects, including Ty Lawson, Kevin Durant, and Michael Beasley from AAU basketball teams such as the PG Jaguars, DC Assault, and DC Blue Devils. Besides AAU, basketball has skyrocketed from local high schools such as DeMatha Catholic High School and Bishop McNamara High School, both of which have found some great success locally and nationally.
This county contains the following incorporated municipalities:
| 10 Cities | 17 Towns |
|---|---|
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Part of the city of Takoma Park was formerly in Prince George's County, but since 1997 the city has been entirely in Montgomery County.[42] The part of Takoma Park that changed counties comprises two residential neighborhoods, Carole Highlands (part of this neighborhood is still in Prince George's County), and New Hampshire Gardens.
Unincorporated areas are also considered as towns by many people and listed in many collections of towns, but they lack local government. Various organizations, such as the United States Census Bureau, the United States Postal Service, and local chambers of commerce, define the communities they wish to recognize differently, and since they are not incorporated, their boundaries have no official status outside the organizations in question. The Census Bureau recognizes the following census-designated places in the county:
Other unincorporated places not listed as Census-Designated Places but known in the area include:
And two localities: Muirkirk (near Montpelier) and Chapel Oaks (near Fairmount Heights)
Prince George's County has three sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:
USS Prince Georges (AK-224) was a United States Navy Crater class cargo ship named after the county.
| Montgomery County | Howard County | |||
| District of Columbia | Anne Arundel County | |||
| Prince George's County, Maryland | ||||
| Fairfax County, Virginia and City of Alexandria, Virginia | Charles County | Calvert County |
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